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Add README with protocol overview and project documentation
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# Swiss Post E-Voting — Go PoC
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A ground-up reimplementation of the Swiss Post e-voting cryptographic protocol as a single Go binary.
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The Swiss Post system is Switzerland's official internet voting platform, used in binding federal elections. The production system spans **14 Java repositories, 500K+ lines of code, and requires 50GB of RAM**. This PoC distills the core cryptographic protocol into **52 Go files with 2 dependencies**.
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## What This Implements
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The full election lifecycle with end-to-end verifiability:
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```
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Setup 4 Control Components + Electoral Board generate keys
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Voting cards with secret codes are produced
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Vote Voter encrypts ballot client-side (ElGamal)
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Server validates zero-knowledge proofs
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Return codes confirm vote was recorded correctly
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Tally 5 sequential verifiable shuffles (Bayer-Groth)
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Each shuffle: permute -> re-encrypt -> partial decrypt
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Final decryption by air-gapped Electoral Board
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Verify Public audit: all proofs are independently checkable
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No secrets required — anyone can verify the election
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```
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## Cryptographic Components
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| Package | What It Does |
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|---------|-------------|
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| `pkg/math` | Quadratic residue groups (G_q), safe prime generation, group vectors/matrices |
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| `pkg/elgamal` | ElGamal encryption, partial decryption, homomorphic ciphertext operations |
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| `pkg/zkp` | Schnorr proofs, exponentiation proofs, decryption proofs, plaintext equality proofs |
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| `pkg/mixnet` | Bayer-Groth verifiable shuffle with 6 sub-arguments (product, Hadamard, zero, SVP, multi-exponentiation, shuffle) |
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| `pkg/hash` | SHA-256 hash-and-square for Fiat-Shamir transforms |
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| `pkg/kdf` | HKDF key derivation for return code generation |
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| `pkg/symmetric` | AES-GCM authenticated encryption |
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| `pkg/returncodes` | Vote encoding as small primes, return code mapping tables |
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| `pkg/protocol` | Full election orchestration (setup, vote, confirm, tally) |
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| `pkg/verify` | Independent verification of all proofs |
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## Quick Start
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```bash
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go build -o evote ./cmd/evote
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# Run a complete election ceremony (10 voters, 3 candidates)
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./evote demo --voters 10 --options 3
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# Serve presentations on local network (for iPad viewing)
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./evote serve --port 8080
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# Theatrical step-by-step terminal walkthrough
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./evote present
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```
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## Demo Output
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```
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=== SWISS POST E-VOTING PROTOCOL PoC ===
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Phase 1: SETUP
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Generated safe prime group (q: 256 bits, p: 257 bits)
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CC[0]: generated ElGamal keypair, Schnorr proof OK
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CC[1]: generated ElGamal keypair, Schnorr proof OK
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CC[2]: generated ElGamal keypair, Schnorr proof OK
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CC[3]: generated ElGamal keypair, Schnorr proof OK
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EB: generated ElGamal keypair, Schnorr proof OK
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Combined election public key (product of all 5)
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Generated 10 voting cards with return codes
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Phase 2: VOTING
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Voter 1: encrypted vote for option 2, proof verified
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Voter 2: encrypted vote for option 0, proof verified
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...
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Phase 3: TALLY
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Shuffle 1/5 (CC[0]): permute + re-encrypt + partial decrypt
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Shuffle 2/5 (CC[1]): permute + re-encrypt + partial decrypt
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...
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Final decryption by Electoral Board
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Results: Option 0: 4 votes, Option 1: 3 votes, Option 2: 3 votes
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Phase 4: VERIFICATION
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All 5 Schnorr key proofs: VALID
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All 5 shuffle proofs: VALID
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Vote count matches ballot box: VALID
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Election integrity: VERIFIED
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```
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## Production vs. PoC
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| Aspect | Production (Swiss Post) | This PoC |
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|--------|------------------------|----------|
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| Group size | 3072-bit safe prime | 256-bit safe prime |
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| Codebase | 14 repos, 500K+ lines (Java) | 52 files, 15K lines (Go) |
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| Infrastructure | Kubernetes, HSMs, air-gapped machines | Single binary, your laptop |
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| Dependencies | Spring Boot, Bouncy Castle, Angular, ... | Cobra + stdlib crypto |
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| Memory | 50GB+ RAM | ~50MB |
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| Binary | N/A (Java services) | 9.5MB static binary |
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| Startup | Minutes (JVM + Spring) | Instant |
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## Presentations
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Three HTML slide decks are included, viewable in any browser or served to iPad via `./evote serve`:
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- **presentation.html** — Protocol overview: how a cryptographic election works
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- **presentation-crypto.html** — Deep dive into the mathematics (ElGamal, ZKPs, Bayer-Groth)
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- **presentation-swe.html** — Software engineering perspective: building a government election system in Go
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## Project Structure
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```
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cmd/evote/
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main.go Cobra CLI root
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demo.go Full election ceremony
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serve.go HTTP server for presentations
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present.go Theatrical terminal demo (772 lines)
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web/ Embedded HTML presentations
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pkg/
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math/ Group theory (GQ, ZQ, vectors, matrices)
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elgamal/ Encryption, decryption, key management
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zkp/ Zero-knowledge proofs (4 types)
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mixnet/ Verifiable shuffle (Bayer-Groth, 12 files)
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hash/ Hash-and-square, Fiat-Shamir
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kdf/ HKDF key derivation
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symmetric/ AES-GCM
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returncodes/ Vote encoding, return code mapping
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protocol/ Election orchestration
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verify/ Independent proof verification
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```
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## References
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- [Swiss Post E-Voting System Specification (PDF)](https://gitlab.com/swisspost-evoting)
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- Bayer, S. & Groth, J. (2012). *Efficient Zero-Knowledge Argument for Correctness of a Shuffle*
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- Haines, T. & Groth, J. (2020). *Verifiable Shuffle of Large Ciphertexts*
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- ElGamal, T. (1985). *A Public Key Cryptosystem and a Signature Scheme Based on Discrete Logarithms*
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## License
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MIT
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