Renames fiat backend directory to fiat_u64 and does the additional plumbing required to make fiat_{u32, u64}_backend equal alternatives.
Adds a few comments.
This implementation:
- is agnostic on the hash used to pick a field element, even though SHA512 is commonly used,
- follows https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-10.html closely
- tests the outputs of the function using libsignal's implementation.
`zeroize` is WASM-friendly as it has no dependencies on C compilers.
Instead uses Rust's own volatile write semantics and compiler fences to
ensure zeroization is not elided by the compiler.
This was more useful at the time when we were determining, e.g., optimal lookup
table sizes and could regenerate them more easily, but it came at a massive
complexity cost. It also meant that we were unable to implement backend
autoselection. This commit removes the `build.rs` entirely. In the future, a
different `build.rs` could be added that auto-selects a backend, but it seems
like the current default-u64 setup has been working fine.
This begins to attempt to restructure the source tree so that the common parts
are common and the different parts are different.
The backend is now split into two parts:
- serial (containing the implementation using serial formulas and mixed-model arithmetic).
- vector (containing the implementation using parallel formulas and single-model arithmetic).
The serial scalar_mul tree is now under backend::serial::scalar_mul.
The avx2 scalar_mul tree is now under backend::avx2::scalar_mul.
