pytorch/torch/_weights_only_unpickler.py

# mypy: allow-untyped-defs
# Unpickler restricted to loading only state dicts
# Restrict constructing types to a list defined in _get_allowed_globals()
# Restrict BUILD operation to `Tensor`, `Parameter` and `OrderedDict` types only
# Restrict APPEND/APPENDS to `list`
# In `GLOBALS` operation do not do class lookup by name, but rather rely on dictionary
# defined by `_get_allowed_globals()` method, that contains:
# - torch types (Storage, dtypes, Tensor, `torch.Size`),
# - `torch._utils._rebuild` functions.
# - `torch.nn.Parameter`
# - `collections.Counter`
# - `collections.OrderedDict`
# Additionally, users can use an allowlist for adding classes they have deemed as safe using
# `_add_safe_globals()` (`torch.serialization.add_safe_globals`)
# `_clear_safe_globals()` (`torch.serialization.clear_safe_globals`)
# `_get_safe_globals()` (`torch.serialization.get_safe_globals`)

# Based of https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/pickle.py
# Expected to be useful for loading PyTorch model weights
# For example:
# data = urllib.request.urlopen('https://download.pytorch.org/models/resnet50-0676ba61.pth').read()
# buf = io.BytesIO(data)
# weights = torch.load(buf, weights_only = True)

import functools as _functools
import warnings

from _codecs import encode
from collections import Counter, OrderedDict
from pickle import (
    APPEND,
    APPENDS,
    BINFLOAT,
    BINGET,
    BININT,
    BININT1,
    BININT2,
    BINPERSID,
    BINPUT,
    BINUNICODE,
    BUILD,
    bytes_types,
    decode_long,
    EMPTY_DICT,
    EMPTY_LIST,
    EMPTY_SET,
    EMPTY_TUPLE,
    GLOBAL,
    LONG1,
    LONG_BINGET,
    LONG_BINPUT,
    MARK,
    NEWFALSE,
    NEWOBJ,
    NEWTRUE,
    NONE,
    PROTO,
    REDUCE,
    SETITEM,
    SETITEMS,
    SHORT_BINSTRING,
    STOP,
    TUPLE,
    TUPLE1,
    TUPLE2,
    TUPLE3,
    UnpicklingError,
)
from struct import unpack
from sys import maxsize
from typing import Any, Callable, Union

import torch
from torch._utils import IMPORT_MAPPING, NAME_MAPPING


# modules in this list are never allowed, even if the user attempts to allowlist
# functions/classes from them
_blocklisted_modules = [
    "sys",
    "os",
    "posix",
    "nt",
]

_marked_safe_globals_set: set[Union[Callable, tuple[Callable, str]]] = set()


def _add_safe_globals(safe_globals: list[Union[Callable, tuple[Callable, str]]]):
    global _marked_safe_globals_set
    _marked_safe_globals_set = _marked_safe_globals_set.union(set(safe_globals))


def _get_safe_globals() -> list[Union[Callable, tuple[Callable, str]]]:
    global _marked_safe_globals_set
    return list(_marked_safe_globals_set)


def _clear_safe_globals():
    global _marked_safe_globals_set
    _marked_safe_globals_set = set()


def _remove_safe_globals(
    globals_to_remove: list[Union[Callable, tuple[Callable, str]]],
):
    global _marked_safe_globals_set
    _marked_safe_globals_set = _marked_safe_globals_set - set(globals_to_remove)


class _safe_globals:
    def __init__(self, safe_globals: list[Union[Callable, tuple[Callable, str]]]):
        self.safe_globals = safe_globals

    def __enter__(self):
        _add_safe_globals(self.safe_globals)

    def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):
        _remove_safe_globals(self.safe_globals)


# Separate from _get_allowed_globals because of the lru_cache on _get_allowed_globals
# For example if user had a script like
#   torch.load(file_a)
#   torch.serialization._add_safe_globals([torch.foo])
#   torch.load(file_b)
# the dynamic additions to safe_globals would not be picked up by
# _get_allowed_globals due to the lru_cache
def _get_user_allowed_globals():
    rc: dict[str, Any] = {}
    for f in _marked_safe_globals_set:
        if isinstance(f, tuple):
            if len(f) != 2:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Expected tuple of length 2 (global, str of callable full path), but got tuple of length: {len(f)}"
                )
            if type(f[1]) is not str:
                raise TypeError(
                    f"Expected second item in tuple to be str of callable full path, but got: {type(f[1])}"
                )
            f, name = f
            rc[name] = f
        else:
            module, name = f.__module__, f.__name__
            rc[f"{module}.{name}"] = f
    return rc


def _tensor_rebuild_functions():
    return {
        torch._utils._rebuild_parameter,
        torch._utils._rebuild_parameter_with_state,
        torch._utils._rebuild_qtensor,
        torch._utils._rebuild_tensor,
        torch._utils._rebuild_tensor_v2,
        torch._utils._rebuild_tensor_v3,
        torch._utils._rebuild_sparse_tensor,
        torch._utils._rebuild_meta_tensor_no_storage,
        torch._utils._rebuild_nested_tensor,
        torch._utils._rebuild_wrapper_subclass,
        # Allowlisting this, but not allowlisting the numpy functions by default
        # Reasoning is that we don't have control over the numpy functions, but
        # this utility is provided by pytorch
        torch._utils._rebuild_device_tensor_from_numpy,
        # In 2.6, we should no longer have a dependency on numpy and the above
        # _rebuild_device_tensor_from_numpy function.
        torch._utils._rebuild_device_tensor_from_cpu_tensor,
    }


# Unpickling machinery
@_functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
def _get_allowed_globals():
    rc: dict[str, Any] = {
        "collections.OrderedDict": OrderedDict,
        "collections.Counter": Counter,
        "torch.nn.parameter.Parameter": torch.nn.Parameter,
        "torch.serialization._get_layout": torch.serialization._get_layout,
        "torch.Size": torch.Size,
        "torch.Tensor": torch.Tensor,
        "torch.device": torch.device,
        "_codecs.encode": encode,  # for bytes
        "builtins.bytearray": bytearray,  # for bytearray
        "builtins.set": set,  # for set
        "builtins.complex": complex,  # for complex
    }

    # dtype
    for t in torch.storage._dtype_to_storage_type_map().keys():
        rc[str(t)] = t
    for t in torch.storage._new_dtypes():
        rc[str(t)] = t
    # Tensor classes
    for tt in torch._tensor_classes:
        rc[f"{tt.__module__}.{tt.__name__}"] = tt
    # Storage classes
    for ts in torch._storage_classes:
        if ts not in (torch.storage.TypedStorage, torch.storage.UntypedStorage):
            # Wrap legacy storage types in a dummy class
            rc[f"{ts.__module__}.{ts.__name__}"] = torch.serialization.StorageType(
                ts.__name__
            )
        else:
            rc[f"{ts.__module__}.{ts.__name__}"] = ts
    # Quantization specific
    for qt in [
        torch.per_tensor_affine,
        torch.per_tensor_symmetric,
        torch.per_channel_affine,
        torch.per_channel_symmetric,
        torch.per_channel_affine_float_qparams,
    ]:
        rc[str(qt)] = qt
    # Rebuild functions
    for f in _tensor_rebuild_functions():
        rc[f"torch._utils.{f.__name__}"] = f

    # Handles Tensor Subclasses, Tensor's with attributes.
    # NOTE: It calls into above rebuild functions for regular Tensor types.
    rc["torch._tensor._rebuild_from_type_v2"] = torch._tensor._rebuild_from_type_v2
    return rc


def _read_global_instruction(readline: Callable) -> tuple[str, str]:
    module = readline()[:-1].decode("utf-8")
    name = readline()[:-1].decode("utf-8")
    # Patch since torch.save default protocol is 2
    # users will be running this code in python > 3
    if (module, name) in NAME_MAPPING:
        module, name = NAME_MAPPING[(module, name)]
    elif module in IMPORT_MAPPING:
        module = IMPORT_MAPPING[module]
    return module, name


def get_globals_in_pkl(file) -> set[str]:
    globals_in_checkpoint = set()
    read = file.read
    readline = file.readline
    op_to_bytes_to_read = {
        NEWOBJ[0]: 0,
        REDUCE[0]: 0,
        BUILD[0]: 0,
        APPEND[0]: 0,
        APPENDS[0]: 0,
        SETITEM[0]: 0,
        SETITEMS[0]: 0,
        MARK[0]: 0,
        TUPLE[0]: 0,
        TUPLE1[0]: 0,
        TUPLE2[0]: 0,
        TUPLE3[0]: 0,
        NONE[0]: 0,
        NEWFALSE[0]: 0,
        NEWTRUE[0]: 0,
        EMPTY_TUPLE[0]: 0,
        EMPTY_LIST[0]: 0,
        EMPTY_DICT[0]: 0,
        EMPTY_SET[0]: 0,
        BINPERSID[0]: 0,
        BININT[0]: 4,
        BININT1[0]: 1,
        BININT2[0]: 2,
        BINFLOAT[0]: 8,
        BINGET[0]: 1,
        LONG_BINGET[0]: 4,
        BINPUT[0]: 1,
        LONG_BINPUT[0]: 4,
    }
    while True:
        key = read(1)
        if not key:
            raise EOFError
        assert isinstance(key, bytes_types)
        if key[0] == GLOBAL[0]:
            module, name = _read_global_instruction(readline)
            globals_in_checkpoint.add(f"{module}.{name}")
        elif key[0] in op_to_bytes_to_read:
            bytes_to_read = op_to_bytes_to_read[key[0]]
            if bytes_to_read:
                read(bytes_to_read)
        # ops where bytes to read depends on the data
        elif key[0] == BINUNICODE[0]:
            strlen = unpack("<I", read(4))[0]
            if strlen > maxsize:
                raise UnpicklingError("String is too long")
            read(strlen)
        elif key[0] in {SHORT_BINSTRING[0], LONG1[0]}:
            strlen = read(1)[0]
            read(strlen)
        # first and last op
        elif key[0] == PROTO[0]:
            read(1)[0]
        elif key[0] == STOP[0]:
            return globals_in_checkpoint
        else:
            raise UnpicklingError(f"Unsupported operand {key[0]}")


class Unpickler:
    def __init__(self, file, *, encoding: str = "bytes"):
        self.encoding = encoding
        self.readline = file.readline
        self.read = file.read
        self.memo: dict[int, Any] = {}
        self.proto: int = -1

    def load(self):
        """Read a pickled object representation from the open file.

        Return the reconstituted object hierarchy specified in the file.
        """
        self.metastack = []
        self.stack: list[Any] = []
        self.append = self.stack.append
        read = self.read
        while True:
            key = read(1)
            if not key:
                raise EOFError
            assert isinstance(key, bytes_types)
            # Risky operators
            if key[0] == GLOBAL[0]:
                module, name = _read_global_instruction(self.readline)
                full_path = f"{module}.{name}"
                if module in _blocklisted_modules:
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        f"Trying to load unsupported GLOBAL {full_path} whose module {module} is blocked."
                    )
                if full_path in _get_allowed_globals():
                    self.append(_get_allowed_globals()[full_path])
                elif full_path in _get_user_allowed_globals():
                    self.append(_get_user_allowed_globals()[full_path])
                elif full_path in (
                    [
                        "torch.nested._internal.nested_tensor.NestedTensor",
                        "torch.nested._internal.nested_tensor._rebuild_njt",
                        "torch._dynamo.decorators._DimRange",
                    ]
                ):
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        "``torch.nested`` and ``torch._dynamo`` must be imported to load nested jagged tensors (NJTs)"
                    )
                elif full_path in (
                    [
                        "torch.distributed.device_mesh.DeviceMesh",
                        "torch.distributed.tensor._dtensor_spec.DTensorSpec",
                        "torch.distributed.tensor._dtensor_spec.TensorMeta",
                        "torch.distributed.tensor.DTensor",
                        "torch.distributed.tensor.placement_types.Partial",
                        "torch.distributed.tensor.placement_types.Replicate",
                        "torch.distributed.tensor.placement_types.Shard",
                    ]
                ):
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        "``torch.distributed.tensor`` must be imported to load DTensors"
                    )
                else:
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        f"Unsupported global: GLOBAL {full_path} was not an allowed global by default. "
                        f"Please use `torch.serialization.add_safe_globals([{name}])` or the "
                        f"`torch.serialization.safe_globals([{name}])` context manager to allowlist this global "
                        "if you trust this class/function."
                    )
            elif key[0] == NEWOBJ[0]:
                args = self.stack.pop()
                cls = self.stack.pop()
                if cls is torch.nn.Parameter:
                    self.append(torch.nn.Parameter(*args))
                elif (
                    cls in _get_user_allowed_globals().values()
                    or cls in _get_allowed_globals().values()
                ):
                    self.append(cls.__new__(cls, *args))
                else:
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        "Can only create new object for nn.Parameter or classes allowlisted "
                        f"via `add_safe_globals` but got {cls}"
                    )
            elif key[0] == REDUCE[0]:
                args = self.stack.pop()
                func = self.stack[-1]
                if (
                    func not in _get_allowed_globals().values()
                    and func not in _get_user_allowed_globals().values()
                ):
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        f"Trying to call reduce for unrecognized function {func}"
                    )
                self.stack[-1] = func(*args)
            elif key[0] == BUILD[0]:
                state = self.stack.pop()
                inst = self.stack[-1]
                if type(inst) is torch.Tensor:
                    # Legacy unpickling
                    inst.set_(*state)
                elif type(inst) is torch.nn.Parameter:
                    inst.__setstate__(state)
                elif type(inst) is OrderedDict:
                    inst.__dict__.update(state)
                elif (
                    type(inst) in _get_user_allowed_globals().values()
                    or type(inst) in _get_allowed_globals().values()
                ):
                    if hasattr(inst, "__setstate__"):
                        inst.__setstate__(state)
                    else:
                        # mimics load_build in pickle
                        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/f0c6fccd08904787a39269367f09f263d496114c/Lib/pickle.py#L1854-L1867
                        slotstate = None
                        if isinstance(state, tuple) and len(state) == 2:
                            state, slotstate = state
                        if state:
                            inst.__dict__.update(state)
                        if slotstate:
                            for k, v in slotstate.items():
                                setattr(inst, k, v)
                else:
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        "Can only build Tensor, Parameter, OrderedDict or types allowlisted "
                        f"via `add_safe_globals`, but got {type(inst)}"
                    )
            # Stack manipulation
            elif key[0] == APPEND[0]:
                item = self.stack.pop()
                list_obj = self.stack[-1]
                if type(list_obj) is not list:
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        f"Can only append to lists, but got {type(list_obj)}"
                    )
                list_obj.append(item)
            elif key[0] == APPENDS[0]:
                items = self.pop_mark()
                list_obj = self.stack[-1]
                if type(list_obj) is not list:
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        f"Can only extend lists, but got {type(list_obj)}"
                    )
                list_obj.extend(items)
            elif key[0] == SETITEM[0]:
                (v, k) = (self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop())
                self.stack[-1][k] = v
            elif key[0] == SETITEMS[0]:
                items = self.pop_mark()
                for i in range(0, len(items), 2):
                    self.stack[-1][items[i]] = items[i + 1]
            elif key[0] == MARK[0]:
                self.metastack.append(self.stack)
                self.stack = []
                self.append = self.stack.append
            elif key[0] == TUPLE[0]:
                items = self.pop_mark()
                self.append(tuple(items))
            elif key[0] == TUPLE1[0]:
                self.stack[-1] = (self.stack[-1],)
            elif key[0] == TUPLE2[0]:
                self.stack[-2:] = [(self.stack[-2], self.stack[-1])]
            elif key[0] == TUPLE3[0]:
                self.stack[-3:] = [(self.stack[-3], self.stack[-2], self.stack[-1])]
            # Basic types construction
            elif key[0] == NONE[0]:
                self.append(None)
            elif key[0] == NEWFALSE[0]:
                self.append(False)
            elif key[0] == NEWTRUE[0]:
                self.append(True)
            elif key[0] == EMPTY_TUPLE[0]:
                self.append(())
            elif key[0] == EMPTY_LIST[0]:
                self.append([])
            elif key[0] == EMPTY_DICT[0]:
                self.append({})
            elif key[0] == EMPTY_SET[0]:
                self.append(set())
            elif key[0] == BININT[0]:
                self.append(unpack("<i", read(4))[0])
            elif key[0] == BININT1[0]:
                self.append(self.read(1)[0])
            elif key[0] == BININT2[0]:
                self.append(unpack("<H", read(2))[0])
            elif key[0] == BINFLOAT[0]:
                self.append(unpack(">d", self.read(8))[0])
            elif key[0] == BINUNICODE[0]:
                strlen = unpack("<I", read(4))[0]
                if strlen > maxsize:
                    raise UnpicklingError("String is too long")
                strval = str(read(strlen), "utf-8", "surrogatepass")
                self.append(strval)
            elif key[0] == SHORT_BINSTRING[0]:
                strlen = read(1)[0]
                strdata = read(strlen)
                if self.encoding != "bytes":
                    strdata = strdata.decode(self.encoding, "strict")
                self.append(strdata)
            elif key[0] == BINPERSID[0]:
                pid = self.stack.pop()
                # Only allow persistent load of storage
                if type(pid) is not tuple and not type(pid) is not int:
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        f"persistent_load id must be tuple or int, but got {type(pid)}"
                    )
                if (
                    type(pid) is tuple
                    and len(pid) > 0
                    and torch.serialization._maybe_decode_ascii(pid[0]) != "storage"
                ):
                    raise UnpicklingError(
                        f"Only persistent_load of storage is allowed, but got {pid[0]}"
                    )
                self.append(self.persistent_load(pid))
            elif key[0] in [BINGET[0], LONG_BINGET[0]]:
                idx = (read(1) if key[0] == BINGET[0] else unpack("<I", read(4)))[0]
                self.append(self.memo[idx])
            elif key[0] in [BINPUT[0], LONG_BINPUT[0]]:
                i = (read(1) if key[0] == BINPUT[0] else unpack("<I", read(4)))[0]
                if i < 0:
                    raise ValueError("negative argument")
                self.memo[i] = self.stack[-1]
            elif key[0] == LONG1[0]:
                n = read(1)[0]
                data = read(n)
                self.append(decode_long(data))
            # First and last deserializer ops
            elif key[0] == PROTO[0]:
                self.proto = read(1)[0]
                if self.proto != 2:
                    warnings.warn(
                        f"Detected pickle protocol {self.proto} in the checkpoint, which was "
                        "not the default pickle protocol used by `torch.load` (2). The weights_only "
                        "Unpickler might not support all instructions implemented by this protocol, "
                        "please file an issue for adding support if you encounter this."
                    )
            elif key[0] == STOP[0]:
                rc = self.stack.pop()
                return rc
            else:
                raise UnpicklingError(f"Unsupported operand {key[0]}")

    # Return a list of items pushed in the stack after last MARK instruction.
    def pop_mark(self):
        items = self.stack
        self.stack = self.metastack.pop()
        self.append = self.stack.append
        return items

    def persistent_load(self, pid):
        raise UnpicklingError("unsupported persistent id encountered")


def load(file, *, encoding: str = "ASCII"):
    return Unpickler(file, encoding=encoding).load()