There is a crash in the WebGPU CI pipeline. It crashed at process
shutdown when unloading onnxruntime_pybind11_state.pyd.
Here is the callstack:
```
dxil.dll!DxcSwapThreadMalloc() Unknown
dxil.dll!DxcThreadMalloc::DxcThreadMalloc(struct IMalloc *) Unknown
dxil.dll!DxcValidator::Release(void) Unknown
[Inline Frame] webgpu_dawn.dll!Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDxcValidator>::InternalRelease() Line 235 C++
[Inline Frame] webgpu_dawn.dll!Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDxcValidator>::{dtor}() Line 290 C++
webgpu_dawn.dll!dawn::native::d3d12::Backend::`scalar deleting destructor'(unsigned int) C++
webgpu_dawn.dll!`eh vector destructor iterator'(void * ptr, unsigned __int64 size, unsigned __int64 count, void(*)(void *) destructor) C++
webgpu_dawn.dll!dawn::native::InstanceBase::~InstanceBase() Line 197 C++
webgpu_dawn.dll!dawn::native::InstanceBase::`scalar deleting destructor'(unsigned int) C++
webgpu_dawn.dll!dawn::native::InstanceBase::DeleteThis() Line 218 C++
ucrtbase.dll!<lambda>(void)() Unknown
ucrtbase.dll!__crt_seh_guarded_call<int>::operator()<<lambda_7777bce6b2f8c936911f934f8298dc43>,<lambda>(void) &,<lambda_3883c3dff614d5e0c5f61bb1ac94921c>>() Unknown
ucrtbase.dll!_execute_onexit_table() Unknown
onnxruntime_pybind11_state.pyd!dllmain_crt_process_detach(const bool is_terminating) Line 182 C++
> onnxruntime_pybind11_state.pyd!dllmain_dispatch(HINSTANCE__ * const instance, const unsigned long reason, void * const reserved) Line 293 C++
ntdll.dll!LdrpCallInitRoutine() Unknown
ntdll.dll!LdrShutdownProcess() Unknown
ntdll.dll!RtlExitUserProcess() Unknown
kernel32.dll!ExitProcessImplementation() Unknown
ucrtbase.dll!exit_or_terminate_process() Unknown
ucrtbase.dll!common_exit() Unknown
python312.dll!00007ff9cab3ec8d() Unknown
python312.dll!00007ff9cab3efbf() Unknown
python312.dll!00007ff9cab3edee() Unknown
python312.dll!00007ff9cab57f4c() Unknown
python312.dll!00007ff9cab57579() Unknown
python312.dll!00007ff9cab573be() Unknown
python312.dll!00007ff9cab5729b() Unknown
python312.dll!00007ff9cabacfcb() Unknown
python312.dll!00007ff9cabacd7d() Unknown
python312.dll!00007ff9cab99e2d() Unknown
python.exe!00007ff78a641230() Unknown
kernel32.dll!BaseThreadInitThunk() Unknown
ntdll.dll!RtlUserThreadStart() Unknown
```
It might be because the destruct order of some global variables was
wrong. I saw DX DLLs were getting destroyed earlier than the WebGPU
instance in our code in onnxruntime_pybind11_state.pyd.
### Description
This change fixes the DLL delay load problem for the WebGPU EP and
DirectML EP. See detailed explanation below.
### Problem
When onnxruntime.dll uses delay loading for its dependencies, the
dependencies are loaded using `LoadLibraryEx()`, which search the
directory of process (.exe) instead of this library (onnxruntime.dll).
This is a problem for usages of Node.js binding and python binding,
because Windows will try to find the dependencies in the directory of
node.exe or python.exe, which is not the directory of onnxruntime.dll.
There was previous attempt to fix this by loading DirectML.dll in the
initialization of onnxruntime nodejs binding, which works for DML EP but
is not a good solution because it does not really "delay" the load.
For WebGPU, the situation became worse because webgpu_dawn.dll depends
on dxil.dll and dxcompiler.dll, which are explicitly dynamically loaded
in the code using `LoadLibraryA()`. This has the same problem of the DLL
search.
### Solutions
For onnxruntime.dll loading its direct dependencies, it can be resolved
by set the [`__pfnDliNotifyHook2`
hook](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/understanding-the-helper-function?view=msvc-170#structure-and-constant-definitions)
to load from an absolute path that constructed from the onnxruntime.dll
folder and the DLL name.
For webgpu_dawn.dll loading dxil.dll and dxcompiler.dll, since they are
explicitly loaded in the code, the hook does not work. Instead, it can
be resolved by ~~using WIN32 API `SetDllDirectory()` to add the
onnxruntime.dll folder to the search path.~~ preloading the 2 DLLs from
the onnxruntime.dll folder .
### Description
This change introduces the WebGPU EP into ONNX Runtime.
To make the PR as simple as possible, this PR excluded the following:
- C API changes for WebGPU EP
- actual implementation of WebGPU EP. Currently in this PR, WebGPU is a
stub implementation that does not register any kernel.
- Python IO Binding update
- Node.js IO Binding update
This PR now contains only 43 file changes (while the working branch
contains 130+) and hopefully this makes it easier to review.
There is going to be separated PRs for each mentioned above.
Current working branch: #21904
