Add Cache in Linux CPU Aten Pipeline (#14313)

### Description
Add compilation cache in Linux CPU Aten Pipeline.
The pipeline could be completed in 6 minutes at best.

### Motivation and Context
1. Accelerate the pipeline.
2. It's the shortest pipeline with docker image. I'll use it to try
moving the storage of linux docker image from ACR to ADO pipeline cache.

tools/ci_build/github/azure-pipelines/linux-cpu-aten-pipeline.yml

@@ -11,8 +11,15 @@ jobs:
   timeoutInMinutes: 120
   workspace:
     clean: all
+  variables:
+    CCACHE_DIR: $(Pipeline.Workspace)/ccache
+    TODAY: $[format('{0:dd}{0:MM}{0:yyyy}', pipeline.startTime)]
   pool: Linux-CPU-2019
   steps:
+  - task: mspremier.PostBuildCleanup.PostBuildCleanup-task.PostBuildCleanup@3
+    displayName: 'Clean Agent Directories'
+    condition: always()
+
   - checkout: self
     clean: true
     submodules: recursive
@@ -28,6 +35,21 @@ jobs:
       DockerBuildArgs: "--build-arg BUILD_UID=$( id -u )"
       Repository: onnxruntimecpubuildaten
 
+  - task: Cache@2
+    inputs:
+      key: '"$(TODAY)" | "$(Build.SourceBranch)" | "$(Build.SourceVersion)"'
+      path: $(CCACHE_DIR)
+      cacheHitVar: CACHE_RESTORED
+      restoreKeys: |
+        "$(TODAY)" | "$(Build.SourceBranch)"
+        "$(TODAY)" |
+    displayName: Cach Task
+
+  - script: |
+      sudo mkdir -p $(Pipeline.Workspace)/ccache
+    condition: ne(variables.CACHE_RESTORED, 'true')
+    displayName: Create Cache Dir
+
   - task: CmdLine@2
     displayName: 'build'
     inputs:
@@ -38,19 +60,27 @@ jobs:
           --volume $(Build.SourcesDirectory):/onnxruntime_src \
           --volume $(Build.BinariesDirectory):/build \
           --volume $HOME/.onnx:/home/onnxruntimedev/.onnx \
+          --volume $(Pipeline.Workspace)/ccache:/cache \
           -e ALLOW_RELEASED_ONNX_OPSET_ONLY=0 \
           -e NIGHTLY_BUILD \
           -e BUILD_BUILDNUMBER \
+          -e CCACHE_DIR=/cache \
           onnxruntimecpubuildaten \
-            /opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python3 /onnxruntime_src/tools/ci_build/build.py \
-              --build_dir /build --cmake_generator Ninja \
-              --config Release \
-              --skip_submodule_sync \
-              --build_shared_lib \
-              --parallel \
-              --build_wheel \
-              --skip_tests \
-              --cmake_extra_defines onnxruntime_ENABLE_ATEN=ON
+          /bin/bash -c "
+              set -ex; \
+              ccache -z; \
+              ccache -s; \
+              /opt/python/cp38-cp38/bin/python3 /onnxruntime_src/tools/ci_build/build.py \
+                --build_dir /build --cmake_generator Ninja \
+                --config Release \
+                --skip_submodule_sync \
+                --build_shared_lib \
+                --parallel \
+                --build_wheel \
+                --skip_tests \
+                --cmake_extra_defines onnxruntime_ENABLE_ATEN=ON \
+                --use_cache; \
+              ccache -s"
       workingDirectory: $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
 
   - task: CmdLine@2
@@ -82,4 +112,4 @@ jobs:
                 --cmake_extra_defines onnxruntime_ENABLE_ATEN=ON"
       workingDirectory: $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
 
-  - template: templates/clean-agent-build-directory-step.yml
+  - template: templates/explicitly-defined-final-tasks.yml