diff --git a/onnxruntime/core/framework/fuse_nodes_funcs.h b/onnxruntime/core/framework/fuse_nodes_funcs.h
index d7cf2cc3cc..e0990c5dd0 100644
--- a/onnxruntime/core/framework/fuse_nodes_funcs.h
+++ b/onnxruntime/core/framework/fuse_nodes_funcs.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace onnxruntime {
 
 class FuncManager {
  public:
-  FuncManager() : fused_funcs_(std::make_unique<std::unordered_map<std::string, FuncInfo> >()), lib_loader_(std::make_unique<ExLibLoader>()) {}
+  FuncManager() : fused_funcs_(std::make_shared<std::unordered_map<std::string, FuncInfo> >()), lib_loader_(std::make_unique<ExLibLoader>()) {}
 
   Status AddFuncInfo(const std::string& name, const std::string& dll_path);
 
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ class FuncManager {
 
   Status GetFuncs(const std::string& name, ComputeFunc* compute, CreateFunctionStateFunc* create, DestroyFunctionStateFunc* release) const;
 
+  void SetFusedFuncs(const FuncManager& func_mgr) {
+    fused_funcs_ = func_mgr.fused_funcs_;
+  }
+
   struct FuncInfo {
     std::string dso_path;
     ComputeFunc compute_func;
@@ -27,7 +31,10 @@ class FuncManager {
   const std::string kCreateStateFuncSymbol = "Create_State_";
   const std::string kReleaseStateFuncSymbol = "Release_State_";
 
-  std::unique_ptr<std::unordered_map<std::string, FuncInfo> > fused_funcs_;
+  // note that subgraph session state shares fused_funcs with main graph
+  // because it's filled in by the time main graph is traversed,
+  // while subgraph session state is created later
+  std::shared_ptr<std::unordered_map<std::string, FuncInfo> > fused_funcs_;
   std::unique_ptr<ExLibLoader> lib_loader_;
   ORT_DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGNMENT_AND_MOVE(FuncManager);
 };
diff --git a/onnxruntime/core/session/inference_session.cc b/onnxruntime/core/session/inference_session.cc
index 614cc822e6..4d7906d8b8 100644
--- a/onnxruntime/core/session/inference_session.cc
+++ b/onnxruntime/core/session/inference_session.cc
@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ common::Status InferenceSession::Load(const std::basic_string<T>& model_uri) {
   model_location_ = ToWideString(model_uri);
   auto loader = [this](std::shared_ptr<onnxruntime::Model>& model) {
 #ifdef ENABLE_LANGUAGE_INTEROP_OPS
-    LoadInterOp(model_location_, interop_domains_, [&](const char* msg){LOGS(*session_logger_, WARNING) << msg;});
-    for(const auto& domain: interop_domains_) {
-        AddCustomOpDomains({domain.get()});
+    LoadInterOp(model_location_, interop_domains_, [&](const char* msg) { LOGS(*session_logger_, WARNING) << msg; });
+    for (const auto& domain : interop_domains_) {
+      AddCustomOpDomains({domain.get()});
     }
 #endif
     return onnxruntime::Model::Load(model_location_, model, HasLocalSchema() ? &custom_schema_registries_ : nullptr);
@@ -255,9 +255,9 @@ common::Status InferenceSession::Load(const std::wstring& model_uri) {
 common::Status InferenceSession::Load(const ModelProto& model_proto) {
   auto loader = [this, &model_proto](std::shared_ptr<onnxruntime::Model>& model) {
 #ifdef ENABLE_LANGUAGE_INTEROP_OPS
-    LoadInterOp(model_proto, interop_domains_, [&](const char* msg){LOGS(*session_logger_, WARNING) << msg;});
-    for(const auto& domain: interop_domains_) {
-        AddCustomOpDomains({domain.get()});
+    LoadInterOp(model_proto, interop_domains_, [&](const char* msg) { LOGS(*session_logger_, WARNING) << msg; });
+    for (const auto& domain : interop_domains_) {
+      AddCustomOpDomains({domain.get()});
     }
 #endif
     return onnxruntime::Model::Load(model_proto, model, HasLocalSchema() ? &custom_schema_registries_ : nullptr);
@@ -269,9 +269,9 @@ common::Status InferenceSession::Load(const ModelProto& model_proto) {
 common::Status InferenceSession::Load(std::unique_ptr<ModelProto> p_model_proto) {
   auto loader = [this, &p_model_proto](std::shared_ptr<onnxruntime::Model>& model) {
 #ifdef ENABLE_LANGUAGE_INTEROP_OPS
-    LoadInterOp(*p_model_proto, interop_domains_, [&](const char* msg){LOGS(*session_logger_, WARNING) << msg;});
-    for(const auto& domain: interop_domains_) {
-        AddCustomOpDomains({domain.get()});
+    LoadInterOp(*p_model_proto, interop_domains_, [&](const char* msg) { LOGS(*session_logger_, WARNING) << msg; });
+    for (const auto& domain : interop_domains_) {
+      AddCustomOpDomains({domain.get()});
     }
 #endif
     return onnxruntime::Model::Load(std::move(p_model_proto), model,
@@ -292,9 +292,9 @@ common::Status InferenceSession::Load(std::istream& model_istream) {
                     "Failed to load model because protobuf parsing failed.");
     }
 #ifdef ENABLE_LANGUAGE_INTEROP_OPS
-    LoadInterOp(model_proto, interop_domains_, [&](const char* msg){LOGS(*session_logger_, WARNING) << msg;});
-    for(const auto& domain: interop_domains_) {
-        AddCustomOpDomains({domain.get()});
+    LoadInterOp(model_proto, interop_domains_, [&](const char* msg) { LOGS(*session_logger_, WARNING) << msg; });
+    for (const auto& domain : interop_domains_) {
+      AddCustomOpDomains({domain.get()});
     }
 #endif
     return onnxruntime::Model::Load(model_proto, model, HasLocalSchema() ? &custom_schema_registries_ : nullptr);
@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@ common::Status InferenceSession::Load(const void* model_data, int model_data_len
                     "Failed to load model because protobuf parsing failed.");
     }
 #ifdef ENABLE_LANGUAGE_INTEROP_OPS
-    LoadInterOp(model_proto, interop_domains_, [&](const char* msg){LOGS(*session_logger_, WARNING) << msg;});
-    for(const auto& domain: interop_domains_) {
-        AddCustomOpDomains({domain.get()});
+    LoadInterOp(model_proto, interop_domains_, [&](const char* msg) { LOGS(*session_logger_, WARNING) << msg; });
+    for (const auto& domain : interop_domains_) {
+      AddCustomOpDomains({domain.get()});
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -397,6 +397,9 @@ common::Status InferenceSession::CreateSubgraphSessionState(Graph& graph, Sessio
       // Pass threadpool to subgraph
       subgraph_session_state->SetThreadPool(session_state.GetThreadPool());
 
+      // Pass fused function manager to subgraph
+      subgraph_session_state->GetMutableFuncMgr().SetFusedFuncs(session_state.GetFuncMgr());
+
       // recurse
       ORT_RETURN_IF_ERROR(CreateSubgraphSessionState(*subgraph, *subgraph_session_state));