Improve 2 cache tasks in one pipeline yaml (#15267)

### Description
1. Make 2 cache tasks in one pipeline really works
2. Each building step has its own environment variable CCACHE_DIR
instead of job variables.
3. Extenal Protobuf compilation cache only updates with deps.txt. It
doesn't generate new cache in every commit.


### Motivation and Context
The simple workflow is as below
```
--------build with ccache-------             
         |                       
        cache                    
         |                       
      {CCACHE_DIR}-----cache stat.
```

```
-------Cache@2------
           |
    download cache           
           |                         
          {path}--------upload cache
```

1. {XXX} means environment variable or task input.
2. {CCACHE_DIR} must be consistent with {path}. Ccache produces caches
in {CCACHE_DIR} and Cache@2 download cache into {path} and tar {path}
and upload it.
3. Protobuf changes with deps.txt so that it would reduce the storage
size.
4. Next step, we may split the compilation into 2 steps, one for
external dependencies and another for ORT.

tools/ci_build/github/azure-pipelines/templates/check-cache-stats.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# it's used to check the cache stats after the build with ccache
+parameters:
+- name: CacheDir
+  displayName: Cache Directory
+  type: string
+
+steps:
+  - script: |
+      ccache -sv
+      ccache -z
+      ls -l $CCACHE_DIR
+      du -sh $CCACHE_DIR
+    displayName: Show Cache stats
+    env:
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ parameters.CacheDir }}

tools/ci_build/github/azure-pipelines/templates/mac-cpu-packaging-steps.yml

@@ -22,11 +22,24 @@ parameters:
   type: boolean
   default: false
 
+- name: WithCache
+  displayName: Build with Cache
+  type: boolean
+  default: false
+
+- name: CacheDir
+  displayName: Cache Directory
+  type: string
+  default: ''
+
 steps:
 - script: |
     rm -rf $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/Release
     python3 $(Build.SourcesDirectory)/tools/ci_build/build.py --update --build ${{ parameters.AdditionalBuildFlags }} --build_dir $(Build.BinariesDirectory) --skip_submodule_sync --parallel --build_shared_lib --config Release
   displayName: 'Build ${{ parameters.MacosArch }}'
+  ${{ if eq(parameters.WithCache, true) }}:
+    env:
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ parameters.CacheDir }}
 
 - ${{ if eq(parameters.MacosArch, 'x86_64') }}:
   - script: |
@@ -50,7 +63,7 @@ steps:
     replaceExistingArchive: true
 
 - script: |
-   set -e -x       
+   set -e -x
    mkdir -p $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)/testdata
    cp $(Build.BinariesDirectory)/Release/libcustom_op_library.dylib $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)/testdata
   displayName: 'Copy libcustom_op_library.dylib to ArtifactStagingDirectory'

tools/ci_build/github/azure-pipelines/templates/mac-cpu-packing-jobs.yml

@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@ jobs:
   variables:
     MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: '10.14'
     ALLOW_RELEASED_ONNX_OPSET_ONLY: ${{ parameters.AllowReleasedOpsetOnly }}
-    CCACHE_DIR: $(Pipeline.Workspace)/ccache
     TODAY: $[format('{0:dd}{0:MM}{0:yyyy}', pipeline.startTime)]
+    PROTO_CACHE_DIR: $(Pipeline.Workspace)/ccache_proto
+    ORT_CACHE_DIR: $(Pipeline.Workspace)/ccache_ort
   pool:
     vmImage: 'macOS-12'
   timeoutInMinutes: 300
@@ -57,16 +58,18 @@ jobs:
   - script: |
       brew install ccache
       echo "##vso[task.prependpath]/usr/local/opt/ccache/libexec"
+      mkdir -p $(PROTO_CACHE_DIR)
+      mkdir -p $(ORT_CACHE_DIR)
     displayName: Install ccache and update PATH to use linked versions of gcc, cc, etc
     condition: eq(${{ parameters.WithCache }}, true)
 
   - task: Cache@2
     inputs:
-      key: ' "$(TODAY)" | ccache | protocol | "$(Build.SourceVersion)" '
-      path: $(CCACHE_DIR)
+      key: ' protobuf | "$(Agent.OS)" | $(Build.SourcesDirectory)/cmake/deps.txt, $(Build.SourcesDirectory)/tools/ci_build/github/linux/docker/inference/x64/python/cpu/scripts/install_protobuf.sh'
+      path: $(PROTO_CACHE_DIR)
       restoreKeys: |
-        "$(TODAY)" | ccache | protocol
-    displayName: ccache protocol
+         protobuf | "$(Agent.OS)"
+    displayName: mac protobuf
     condition: eq(${{ parameters.WithCache }}, true)
 
   - script: |
@@ -80,17 +83,19 @@ jobs:
       python3 -m pip install -r '$(Build.SourcesDirectory)/tools/ci_build/github/linux/docker/scripts/requirements.txt'
       sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_13.1.app/Contents/Developer
     displayName: 'Install dependencies'
+    ${{ if eq(parameters.WithCache, true) }}:
+      env:
+        CCACHE_DIR: $(PROTO_CACHE_DIR)
 
-  - script: |
-      ccache -s
-      ccache -z
-    displayName: Show Cache stats and Clear protolbuf stats.
-    condition: eq(${{ parameters.WithCache }}, true)
+  - ${{ if eq(parameters.WithCache, true) }}:
+    - template: check-cache-stats.yml
+      parameters:
+        CacheDir: $(PROTO_CACHE_DIR)
 
   - task: Cache@2
     inputs:
       key: ' "$(TODAY)" | ccache  | onnxruntime | "$(Build.SourceVersion)" '
-      path: $(CCACHE_DIR)
+      path: $(ORT_CACHE_DIR)
       restoreKeys: |
         "$(TODAY)" | ccache | onnxruntime
     displayName: ccache MacOS Build
@@ -103,6 +108,9 @@ jobs:
         AdditionalBuildFlags: ${{ parameters.AdditionalBuildFlags }} --use_coreml --cmake_extra_defines CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES="arm64;x86_64"
         BuildJava: false
         BuildNodejs: false
+        WithCache: ${{ parameters.WithCache }}
+        ${{ if eq(parameters.WithCache, true) }}:
+          CacheDir: $(ORT_CACHE_DIR)
 
   - ${{ if eq(parameters.MacosArch, 'arm64') }}:
     - template: mac-cpu-packaging-steps.yml
@@ -111,6 +119,9 @@ jobs:
         AdditionalBuildFlags: ${{ parameters.AdditionalBuildFlags }} --build_nodejs --build_java --use_coreml --cmake_extra_defines CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=arm64
         BuildJava: true
         BuildNodejs: true
+        WithCache: ${{ parameters.WithCache }}
+        ${{ if eq(parameters.WithCache, true) }}:
+          CacheDir: $(ORT_CACHE_DIR)
 
   - ${{ if eq(parameters.MacosArch, 'x86_64') }}:
     - template: mac-cpu-packaging-steps.yml
@@ -119,9 +130,11 @@ jobs:
         AdditionalBuildFlags: ${{ parameters.AdditionalBuildFlags }} --build_nodejs --build_java --use_coreml
         BuildJava: true
         BuildNodejs: true
+        WithCache: ${{ parameters.WithCache }}
+        ${{ if eq(parameters.WithCache, true) }}:
+          CacheDir: $(ORT_CACHE_DIR)
 
-  - script: |
-      ccache -s
-      ccache -z
-    displayName: Show Cache stats
-    condition: eq(${{ parameters.WithCache }}, true)
+  - ${{ if eq(parameters.WithCache, true) }}:
+    - template: check-cache-stats.yml
+      parameters:
+        CacheDir: $(ORT_CACHE_DIR)