diff --git a/onnxruntime/test/providers/cpu/controlflow/if_test.cc b/onnxruntime/test/providers/cpu/controlflow/if_test.cc
index 2dd103ede6..83ced88d6a 100644
--- a/onnxruntime/test/providers/cpu/controlflow/if_test.cc
+++ b/onnxruntime/test/providers/cpu/controlflow/if_test.cc
@@ -339,5 +339,79 @@ TEST(If, Opset11ThenAndElseBranchesProduceDifferentOutputShapes) {
   RunTest(false, options, false, OpTester::ExpectResult::kExpectSuccess, "", 11);
 }
 
+// This is to test an "If" node with just "Constant" nodes in the "then" and "else" conditional branches
+class IfOpTesterOnlyConstantNodesInConditionalBranches : public OpTester {
+ public:
+  IfOpTesterOnlyConstantNodesInConditionalBranches() : OpTester("If") {
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void AddNodes(onnxruntime::Graph& graph,
+                std::vector<onnxruntime::NodeArg*>& graph_input_defs,
+                std::vector<onnxruntime::NodeArg*>& graph_output_defs,
+                std::vector<std::function<void(onnxruntime::Node& node)>>& /*add_attribute_funcs*/) override {
+    // Graph inputs are 0:Cond for If
+    ASSERT_EQ(graph_input_defs.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(graph_output_defs.size(), 1u);
+
+    NodeArg* if_cond_input = graph_input_defs[0];
+
+    std::vector<NodeArg*> inputs;
+    std::vector<NodeArg*> outputs;
+
+    // add If node
+    {
+      inputs = {if_cond_input};
+      outputs = {graph_output_defs[0]};
+
+      auto& if_node = graph.AddNode("if", "If", "If node", inputs, outputs);
+
+      auto CreateSubgraphWithConstantNode = [](bool then_branch, float value, std::vector<NodeArg*> outputs) {
+        Model model_then(then_branch ? "Then" : "Else", false, DefaultLoggingManager().DefaultLogger());
+        auto& graph_then = model_then.MainGraph();
+        auto& then_constant_node = graph_then.AddNode(
+            then_branch ? "Constant_Then" : "Constant_Else",
+            "Constant",
+            then_branch ? "Constant_Then" : "Constant_Else", {}, outputs);
+
+        AttributeProto then_constant_attr_proto;
+        then_constant_attr_proto.set_name("value");
+        then_constant_attr_proto.set_type(AttributeProto_AttributeType_TENSOR);
+        auto* then_constant_attr_tensor_proto = then_constant_attr_proto.mutable_t();
+        then_constant_attr_tensor_proto->set_data_type(TensorProto_DataType_FLOAT);
+        then_constant_attr_tensor_proto->add_dims(1);
+        then_constant_attr_tensor_proto->add_float_data(value);  // Constant value of 10.f
+
+        then_constant_node.AddAttribute("value", then_constant_attr_proto);
+
+        auto status_then = graph_then.Resolve();
+        EXPECT_EQ(status_then, Status::OK());
+
+        auto& graphproto_then = graph_then.ToGraphProto();
+        return graphproto_then;
+      };
+
+      if_node.AddAttribute("then_branch", CreateSubgraphWithConstantNode(true, 10.f, outputs));
+      if_node.AddAttribute("else_branch", CreateSubgraphWithConstantNode(false, 1000.f, outputs));
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// Context: Github issue #3900
+TEST(If, ConditionalBranchesOnlyContainConstantNodes_ThenBranchExecution) {
+  IfOpTesterOnlyConstantNodesInConditionalBranches test;
+  test.AddInput<bool>("If_input", {1}, {true});
+  test.AddOutput<float>("If_output", {1}, {10.f});
+  test.Run();
+}
+
+// Context: Github issue #3900
+TEST(If, ConditionalBranchesOnlyContainConstantNodes_ElseBranchExecution) {
+  IfOpTesterOnlyConstantNodesInConditionalBranches test;
+  test.AddInput<bool>("If_input", {1}, {false});
+  test.AddOutput<float>("If_output", {1}, {1000.f});
+  test.Run();
+}
+
 }  // namespace test
 }  // namespace onnxruntime