diff --git a/js/web/test/test-runner.ts b/js/web/test/test-runner.ts
index 7c03e5b915..d8ee5ef953 100644
--- a/js/web/test/test-runner.ts
+++ b/js/web/test/test-runner.ts
@@ -159,7 +159,8 @@ async function initializeSession(
     if (preloadModelData) {
       session = await ort.InferenceSession.create(preloadModelData, sessionConfig);
     } else {
-      session = await ort.InferenceSession.create(modelFilePath, sessionConfig);
+      const modelData = await readFile(modelFilePath);
+      session = await ort.InferenceSession.create(modelData, sessionConfig);
     }
   } catch (e) {
     Logger.error(
diff --git a/js/web/test/test-shared.ts b/js/web/test/test-shared.ts
index 7c327e7c97..55beb66e37 100644
--- a/js/web/test/test-shared.ts
+++ b/js/web/test/test-shared.ts
@@ -15,14 +15,33 @@ export function bufferToBase64(buffer: Uint8Array): string {
   return base64.fromByteArray(buffer);
 }
 
+async function retry<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, maxRetries = 3, delay = 100): Promise<T> {
+  let retries = maxRetries;
+  do {
+    try {
+      return await fn();
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (retries-- === 0) {
+        throw err;
+      }
+      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
+    }
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-constant-condition
+  } while (true);
+}
+
 export async function readFile(file: string) {
   if (typeof process !== 'undefined' && process.versions && process.versions.node) {
     // node
     return fs.readFile(file);
   } else {
     // browser
-    const response = await fetch(file);
-    return new Uint8Array(await response.arrayBuffer());
+    //
+    // use "retry" to workaround the error "TypeError: Failed to fetch" in some test environments
+    return retry(async () => {
+      const response = await fetch(file);
+      return new Uint8Array(await response.arrayBuffer());
+    });
   }
 }