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# Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization
* text=auto

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name: CI
on:
push:
branches:
- "**"
pull_request:
jobs:
rust-checks:
name: ${{ matrix.os }}
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
os:
- ubuntu-latest
- macos-latest
steps:
- name: Checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Setup Rust
uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
with:
components: rustfmt, clippy
- name: Cache dependencies
uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
- name: Check formatting
run: cargo fmt --all -- --check
- name: Lint
run: cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings
- name: Test
run: cargo test --workspace --all-targets

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/target

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# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
# It is not intended for manual editing.
version = 4
[[package]]
name = "curve25519"
version = "0.1.0"
[[package]]
name = "curve25519-cuda"
version = "0.1.0"
[[package]]
name = "curve25519-derive"
version = "0.1.0"
[[package]]
name = "ed25519-heea"
version = "0.1.0"

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[workspace]
members = [
"curve25519-cuda",
"curve25519",
"curve25519-derive",
"ed25519-heea",
]
resolver = "2"
[profile.dev]
opt-level = 2

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# curve25519-sol
A high-performance, opinionated fork of [curve25519-dalek] and [ed25519-zebra] focused on
accelerated Ed25519 signature verification via the **HEEA** (Half-Extended Euclidean Algorithm)
method and a reduced set of well-tested backends.
> Original library READMEs: [README_dalek.md](README_dalek.md) (workspace) ·
> [curve25519/README_dalek.md](curve25519/README_dalek.md) ·
> [ed25519-heea/README_zebra.md](ed25519-heea/README_zebra.md)
---
## Crates
| Crate | Description |
|---|---|
| [`curve25519`](./curve25519) | Fork of `curve25519-dalek`. Core elliptic-curve arithmetic over Curve25519, Edwards, Ristretto, and Short-Weierstrass forms, with HEEA scalar decomposition and a narrowed backend set. |
| [`ed25519-heea`](./ed25519-heea) | Fork of `ed25519-zebra`. ZIP-215-compliant Ed25519 with an added `verify_heea` fast-path that uses HEEA half-size scalars. |
| [`curve25519-cuda`](./curve25519-cuda) | GPU-accelerated multi-scalar multiplication (MSM) via CUDA/SPPARK. Falls back to CPU when CUDA is unavailable. |
| [`curve25519-derive`](./curve25519-derive) | Helper proc-macro crate (`#[unsafe_target_feature]`) inherited from upstream; required to write clean SIMD code. |
---
## Key Changes from Upstream
### HEEA Signature Verification
Standard Ed25519 verification checks **sB = R + hA**, where `h` is a 256-bit scalar.
HEEA (from the TCHES 2025 paper _"Accelerating EdDSA Signature Verification with Faster Scalar
Size Halving"_) transforms this into a 4-point MSM with ~128-bit scalars:
```
τs_lo · B + τs_hi · (2¹²⁸·B) = τ·R + ρ·A
```
where `ρ` and `τ` are half-size (~127-bit) values derived from `h` via a half-extended
Euclidean algorithm, and `τs = τs_hi · 2¹²⁸ + τs_lo`. All four scalars are ≤128 bits, and
two of the bases (`B` and `2¹²⁸B`) use precomputed tables. In practice this yields roughly
**~15% faster** verification compared to the standard double-scalar-multiplication path.
The algorithm is implemented in:
- [`curve25519/src/scalar/heea.rs`](curve25519/src/scalar/heea.rs) – `curve25519_heea_vartime`
- [`curve25519/src/traits.rs`](curve25519/src/traits.rs) – `HEEADecomposition` trait
- [`curve25519/src/backend/serial/scalar_mul/vartime_triple_base.rs`](curve25519/src/backend/serial/scalar_mul/vartime_triple_base.rs) – optimised 128+128+256 MSM
- [`ed25519-heea/src/verification_key.rs`](ed25519-heea/src/verification_key.rs) – `VerificationKey::verify_heea`
### Reduced Backend Set
Upstream `curve25519-dalek` supports serial, fiat-crypto, AVX2, and unstable AVX512 backends.
This fork retains only the backends actively tested and maintained here:
| Backend | Platform | Selection |
|---|---|---|
| `serial` | All (macOS, Linux, …) | Automatic fallback |
| `simd` / AVX2 | x86-64 with AVX2 | Runtime CPU detection |
| CUDA (separate crate) | NVIDIA GPU | Opt-in via `curve25519-cuda` |
The `fiat` (formally-verified) and `unstable_avx512` backends have been removed to reduce
maintenance surface. If you need them, use upstream `curve25519-dalek` directly.
---
## Usage
Add the relevant crate to `Cargo.toml`:
```toml
# Core curve arithmetic with HEEA
curve25519-sol = { git = "https://github.com/zz-sol/ed25519-sol" }
# Ed25519 signatures with fast HEEA verification
ed25519-heea = { git = "https://github.com/zz-sol/ed25519-sol" }
```
### Standard Ed25519 verification
```rust
use ed25519_heea::{SigningKey, VerificationKey};
use rand::thread_rng;
let msg = b"hello world";
let sk = SigningKey::new(thread_rng());
let sig = sk.sign(msg);
let vk = VerificationKey::from(&sk);
// Standard ZIP-215-compliant verification
vk.verify(&sig, msg).expect("valid signature");
```
### HEEA-accelerated verification
```rust
// Fast path: ~15% faster via half-size scalars (same result)
vk.verify_heea(&sig, msg).expect("valid signature");
```
---
## Building
```sh
# Standard build
cargo build --release
# With AVX2 (automatic on x86-64 at runtime; or force compile-time)
RUSTFLAGS='-C target-feature=+avx2' cargo build --release
# Run benchmarks
cargo bench --features "rand_core" -p curve25519
cargo bench -p ed25519-heea
```
---
## References
- [Accelerating EdDSA Signature Verification with Faster Scalar Size Halving](https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/11971) — TCHES 2025
- [ZIP 215](https://zips.z.cash/zip-0215) — Ed25519 validation rules used by Zcash
- [curve25519-dalek](https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519-dalek) — upstream curve library
- [ed25519-zebra](https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/ed25519-zebra) — upstream signature library
---
## License
Licensed under either of
- Apache License, Version 2.0 ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
- MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
at your option.
Portions of this library are derived from [curve25519-dalek] (isis lovecruft, Henry de Valence)
and [ed25519-zebra] (Zcash Foundation), both dual-licensed MIT/Apache-2.0.
[curve25519-dalek]: https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519-dalek
[ed25519-zebra]: https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/ed25519-zebra

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<p align="center">
<img
alt="dalek-cryptography logo: a dalek with edwards curves as sparkles coming out of its radar-schnozzley blaster thingies"
width="200px"
src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/dalek-cryptography/curve25519/docs/assets/dalek-logo-clear.png"/>
</p>
# Dalek elliptic curve cryptography
This repo contains pure-Rust crates for elliptic curve cryptography:
| Crate | Description | Crates.io | Docs | CI |
-------------------------------------------|----------------|-----------|------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| [`curve25519‑dalek`](./curve25519) | A library for arithmetic over the Curve25519 and Ristretto elliptic curves and their associated scalars. | [![](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/curve25519.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/curve25519) | [![](https://img.shields.io/docsrs/curve25519)](https://docs.rs/curve25519) | [![CI](https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519/actions/workflows/curve25519.yml/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519/actions/workflows/curve25519.yml) |
| [`ed25519‑dalek`](./ed25519-dalek) | An implementation of the EdDSA digital signature scheme over Curve25519. | [![](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/ed25519-dalek.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/ed25519-dalek) | [![](https://docs.rs/ed25519-dalek/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/ed25519-dalek) | [![CI](https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519/actions/workflows/ed25519-dalek.yml/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519/actions/workflows/ed25519-dalek.yml) |
| [`x25519‑dalek`](./x25519-dalek) | An implementation of elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange over Curve25519. | [![](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/x25519-dalek.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/x25519-dalek) | [![](https://docs.rs/x25519-dalek/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/x25519-dalek) | [![CI](https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519/actions/workflows/x25519-dalek.yml/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://github.com/dalek-cryptography/curve25519/actions/workflows/x25519-dalek.yml) |
There is also the [`curve25519-derive`](./curve25519-derive) crate, which is just a helper crate with some macros that make curve25519 easier to write.
# Contributing
Please see [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](./CONTRIBUTING.md).
# Code of Conduct
We follow the [Rust Code of Conduct](http://www.rust-lang.org/conduct.html),
with the following additional clauses:
* We respect the rights to privacy and anonymity for contributors and people in
the community. If someone wishes to contribute under a pseudonym different to
their primary identity, that wish is to be respected by all contributors.

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[package]
name = "curve25519-cuda"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"
[dependencies]

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pub fn add(left: u64, right: u64) -> u64 {
left + right
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn it_works() {
let result = add(2, 2);
assert_eq!(result, 4);
}
}

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[package]
name = "curve25519-derive"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"
[dependencies]

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pub fn add(left: u64, right: u64) -> u64 {
left + right
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn it_works() {
let result = add(2, 2);
assert_eq!(result, 4);
}
}

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[package]
name = "curve25519"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"
[dependencies]

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pub fn add(left: u64, right: u64) -> u64 {
left + right
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn it_works() {
let result = add(2, 2);
assert_eq!(result, 4);
}
}

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[package]
name = "ed25519-heea"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"
[dependencies]

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pub fn add(left: u64, right: u64) -> u64 {
left + right
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn it_works() {
let result = add(2, 2);
assert_eq!(result, 4);
}
}